The Central Dogma of Biology: In real cells, DNA encodes proteins through a fascinating process. Each three-letter DNA sequence (codon) codes for one amino acid, and chains of amino acids form proteins. Each amino acid is encoded by exactly 3 base pairs (one codon), so total base pairs = amino acids × 3.
We reverse this process! Each letter of your name maps to an amino acid (A → Alanine, M → Methionine, etc.), then we find a DNA codon that codes for that amino acid.
Why are codons exactly 3 letters? With 4 possible bases at each position, a 3-letter codon gives 4 × 4 × 4 = 64 combinations — just enough to cover 20 amino acids with room for redundancy. A 2-letter code would only give 16!
The "Shuffle" button picks different codons that encode the same amino acids — just like nature's redundancy in the genetic code!